![]() Future research could use genetic tools at larger scales to map distribution routes across the globe and interaction with pesticides and the evolution of resistance. ![]() These findings may help to identify new pest management methods. This local expansion resulted in displacement of other urban cockroach species, likely due to their small size requiring fewer resources, shorter generation times and so faster evolution, especially for pesticide resistance. Studies of population genetics have found that once introduced into a new location, the German cockroach spread rapidly through local expansion, and this could be within single (large, multiple-story) buildings. The spread of the German cockroach was facilitated by the improvement of transportation technologies, especially from colonial trading, and indoor heating in cooler climates. We found that the German cockroach likely originated from South Asia, was introduced into Europe no later than the 18th century, from where it invaded worldwide. We reviewed the published and grey literatures, and museum data, to document the spread of the German cockroach, and how it may have interacted with other urban cockroach species. The German cockroach is the most widespread and common cockroach in urban areas, however how this invasive species has spread globally is poorly understood. Most people consider cockroaches to be quintessential urban pests, even though very few of the 5000 cockroach species live in urban areas. To defeat the majority of species of cockroaches the anti-insect shield should be at a height of at least 25.4 mm and to defeat the larger American cockroaches preferably greater than 25.4 mm with 44.5 mm and 57.2 mm defeating all tested cockroaches ![]() However, at z = 44.5 mm and 57.2 mm no cockroaches penetrated the modified bowl. The cockroaches that were able to overcome the z =25.4 mm were the larger American cockroaches that can exceed 76.2 mm (3 inch) in length. Cockroach numbers began declining when z = 15.9 mm and declined to only large cockroaches at z = 25.4 mm. Ten runs at each height z were performed. The modified anti-ant bowls were placed in a high-intensity cockroach environment during summer nights where the temperatures varied between 23.9-29.4 degrees Celsius for 3 hours and then cockroach counts were performed. ![]() 118.3 cc (4 oz) of dry cat food was used as cockroach bait. We hypothesized that existing anti-ant technology could be converted to anti-cockroach technology by simple design changes.Ī base of various heights was affixed to the bottom of an anti-ant bowl to increase the distance of the anti-ant shield from the native height “x” to the hypothesized cockroach-resistant height “z”. Cockroaches, carriers of pathogenic organisms that cause human and animal disease, typically have access to human or pet food in bowls, allowing cockroaches to expand their colonies and infestations. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |